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🏥 Gotokuji Orthopedic Clinic / Patient Guide

Knee Osteoarthritis

When the cartilage in your knee wears away — a condition that increases with age

Knee osteoarthritis is a condition where the cartilage inside the knee joint gradually wears down, causing pain and stiffness.
Cartilage acts as a cushion between the bones. As we age, it slowly deteriorates and thins out.
It is most common in middle-aged and older adults, and approximately 25 million people in Japan are affected.

1
Cartilage deteriorates with age

Over time, cartilage loses its elasticity and becomes more prone to wearing away

2
Weight and alignment play a role

Excess weight increases load on the knee; bow-legs or knock-knees concentrate stress unevenly

3
Bone-on-bone contact causes inflammation

Without the cushion, bones rub together, leading to pain and swelling

4
The joint gradually deforms

As the disease progresses, the shape of the joint changes and movement becomes limited

👴 Middle-aged & older ⚖️ Weight gain 🦿 Bow-legs / knock-knees 🪑 Lack of exercise
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Pain when starting to move
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Difficulty kneeling or using stairs
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Swelling and fluid in the knee
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Unable to fully straighten or bend the knee
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Feeling of instability or wobbliness when walking
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Muscle Strengthening
Build quadriceps and surrounding muscles to support and stabilize the knee
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Weight Management
Losing weight significantly reduces the load on your knees
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Bracing & Insoles
Knee supports and shoe inserts help stabilize the joint
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Hyaluronic Acid Injection
Injected into the joint to improve lubrication and relieve pain
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Anti-inflammatory Medication
Oral pain relievers and patches to control pain and inflammation
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Stretching
Maintain flexibility around the knee to improve ease of movement
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Proper care can help slow the progression

With consistent strengthening exercises and weight management, many patients experience pain relief and slower progression. If conservative treatment is not enough, surgical options such as total knee replacement or osteotomy may be considered.

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When Surgery May Be Considered
If conservative treatments have been thoroughly tried but pain persists and daily life is significantly affected, total knee replacement or osteotomy may be discussed. The timing and approach are carefully determined based on each patient's condition.

💡 4 Habits to Protect Your Knees

  • Make gentle walking and stretching a daily habit
  • Manage your weight to reduce stress on the knees
  • Be mindful of good posture and walking form
  • If you feel knee pain, don't wait — see a specialist early
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This may not be your arthritis getting worse.
If the knee suddenly swells and becomes red and hot, or if you have a fever, the cause may be an infection or gout/pseudogout rather than worsening osteoarthritis. Please see a doctor promptly.