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🏥 Gotokuji Orthopedic Clinic / Patient Guide

Hallux Valgus (Bunion)

Hallux Valgus
When your big toe bends inward and the base becomes painful

Hallux valgus is a condition where the big toe angles inward toward the other toes, and the base of the big toe sticks out on the inner side.
The bump can rub against shoes and cause pain, and walking balance may be affected.
Genetics is the biggest factor -- about 70% of patients have a family history. It is more common in women -- surveys of the general population report it in about 30% of women and about 13% of men.
Shoes alone are not the cause; the condition progresses when external stress is added to a genetic predisposition.

1
Genetic foot shape is the foundation

Flat feet, joint laxity, and bone shape can be inherited

2
Narrow shoes and high heels make it worse

The big toe gets squeezed, and the deformity gradually progresses

3
Aging and muscle weakness cause progression

Foot muscles weaken, losing the ability to support the big toe

4
The deformity becomes permanent

Once bone deformity occurs, it does not correct itself naturally

🧬 Genetics (70% family history) 👩 More common in women 👠 Narrow-toed shoes 🦶 Flat feet
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Pain where the big toe base rubs against shoes
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Big toe sliding under the second toe
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Calluses forming on the sole of the foot
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Shoes no longer fitting properly
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The deformity getting worse year after year
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Footwear Changes
Choose shoes with a wide toe box; heels of 3 cm or less are ideal
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Custom Insoles
Custom-made orthotics designed to support the arch of your foot
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Pads & Spacers
Silicone pads and toe spacers reduce pressure on the bunion
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Toe Exercises
Towel curls and toe spread exercises to strengthen foot muscles
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Taping
Guides the big toe inward to reduce pain
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Surgery
Osteotomy or other procedures may be considered if conservative treatment is not enough. We do not perform surgery here, so we refer you to a partner hospital
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Starting early is key to managing hallux valgus

Once bone deformity occurs it will not correct on its own, but changing shoes and doing exercises can help reduce pain. They cannot reverse the deformity itself or reliably stop it from progressing. If surgery is needed, bone healing takes roughly 6-8 weeks, and return to daily activities takes about 6-12 weeks (this varies with the procedure, the severity of the deformity, and the kind of work you do).

💡 Habits to Protect Your Feet

  • Choose shoes with plenty of room in the toe area
  • Make toe exercises a daily habit
  • Go barefoot indoors as much as possible
  • If hallux valgus runs in your family, get checked early